Amina, a 4-year-old girl from a rural village in Uganda, was brought to the local clinic by her mother, concerned about her daughter's distended abdomen. Over the past few weeks, Amina had become increasingly lethargic and occasionally complained of abdominal pain. Her mother also noticed a firm, painless swelling on Amina’s right side.

At the clinic, a physical exam revealed a palpable mass in her right flank, but no tenderness. Further investigation at a regional hospital, including an abdominal ultrasound, revealed a large renal mass, raising suspicion for Wilms' tumour (nephroblastoma), a common childhood kidney cancer.

Due to limited resources, Amina was referred to the nearest tertiary hospital in Kampala, where a CT scan confirmed a stage II Wilms' tumour, confined to the right kidney but showing signs of local spread. After consultation, her treatment plan included nephrectomy (surgical removal of the kidney) followed by chemotherapy, which posed challenges due to irregular availability of medications and long travel distances.

Despite these barriers, Amina’s mother was committed to her daughter’s care. After surgery, Amina began chemotherapy, and though access to consistent follow-up remained difficult, her condition gradually improved. The healthcare team provided education on recognizing signs of recurrence, stressing the importance of continued monitoring even in resource-limited settings.