Patient Case: Bedbug Infestation
Chief Complaint: “I wake up every morning with itchy red spots on my skin.”
History of Present Illness:
A 32-year-old woman living in a crowded apartment complex presents to the clinic with multiple itchy red bumps on her arms, neck, and back. She first noticed the bites about three weeks ago and initially thought they were mosquito bites. However, the bites have been increasing daily, and she notices new ones every morning. The itching is intense, particularly at night, and over-the-counter antihistamines have provided little relief.
She recently moved into a furnished apartment and has not traveled recently. She denies any pets in her home but mentions seeing small reddish-brown insects on her mattress seams. No other family members have similar symptoms.
Physical Examination:
- Multiple small, red, itchy welts in clusters or linear patterns on exposed areas (arms, neck, back)
- No signs of secondary bacterial infection
- No fever or systemic symptoms
Diagnosis:
The patient’s history and the presence of grouped bites in a linear pattern strongly suggest bedbug infestation, caused by Cimex lectularius. Bedbug bites typically occur at night and are often arranged in a "breakfast, lunch, and dinner" pattern.
Management Plan:
- Symptomatic relief: Topical corticosteroids or oral antihistamines for itching
- Environmental control:
- Wash all bedding and clothing in hot water
- Vacuum and steam-clean mattresses, carpets, and furniture
- Consider professional pest control services
- Patient education:
- Avoid scratching to prevent secondary infection
- Inspect luggage and furniture when traveling or moving into a new home
The patient is advised to monitor for new bites and seek follow-up care if symptoms worsen or signs of infection develop.
a) Sarcoptes scabiei
b) Cimex lectularius
c) Tunga penetrans
d) Pediculus humanus
a) Single, large blister-like lesions
b) Scattered bites with no pattern
c) Linear or clustered bites in a "breakfast, lunch, and dinner" pattern
d) Thick, scaly patches of skin
a) Applying permethrin cream to the skin
b) Washing all bedding and clothes in hot water and vacuuming furniture
c) Using oral antibiotics
d) Wearing insect-repellent lotions daily
a) Bedbugs are most active at night and bite while the host is sleeping
b) The patient has an allergic skin condition unrelated to bedbugs
c) The bugs live under the skin and bite continuously throughout the day
d) The bites are caused by bacteria, not insects
Answers
- (b) Cimex lectularius – Bed Bugs are small, reddish-brown insects that feed on human blood, primarily at night. They hide in mattresses, furniture, and cracks in walls.
- (c) Linear or clustered bites in a "breakfast, lunch, and dinner" pattern – Bedbug bites often appear in groups or lines on exposed skin, as the insects feed multiple times in one area.
- (b) Washing all bedding and clothes in hot water and vacuuming furniture – Eliminating bedbugs requires environmental control, including washing, vacuuming, and professional extermination if necessary.
- (a) Bedbugs are most active at night and bite while the host is sleeping – Bed Bugs feed at night and inject an anesthetic into the skin, which delays the onset of itching and makes their bites noticeable in the morning.
