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Patient case: (Idiopathic Gangrene of the Scrotum [Fournier’s Gangrene]

Discussion

A 55-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a history of rapidly progressing pain and swelling in the scrotum and perineum for the past 48 hours. The patient reports that he first noticed mild swelling and redness around his scrotum but did not seek medical attention initially. Over the past day, he has experienced worsening pain, fever (39.2°C), and difficulty walking due to the increasing swelling. On examination, the scrotum appears swollen, erythematous, and warm to touch. There is visible necrosis of the scrotal skin, and crepitus is palpable upon examination.

The patient has a medical history of diabetes mellitus, which is poorly controlled, and a history of alcohol use. Laboratory results show elevated white blood cell count (16,000/mm³) and blood cultures are pending. Urine analysis reveals no evidence of urinary tract infection, and no other obvious sources of infection are identified.

The patient is admitted to the surgical unit, and an urgent CT scan is ordered, which reveals gas within the scrotum, confirming the diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene. A multidisciplinary team consisting of urology, general surgery, and infectious disease specialists is consulted. Immediate surgical debridement is recommended, and the patient is started on broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics.

The patient undergoes debridement of the necrotic tissue and is closely monitored in the intensive care unit for the next few days. His blood glucose levels are controlled with insulin, and further surgical interventions are planned based on his recovery.

Questions
1. What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with rapid-onset scrotal swelling, pain, necrosis, and crepitus?

A) Testicular torsion

B) Fournier’s gangrene

C) Epididymitis

D) Hydrocele

2. Which of the following is a common risk factor for Fournier’s gangrene?

A) Hypothyroidism

B) Diabetes mellitus

C) Hyperlipidemia

D) Asthma

3. What is the first-line treatment for Fournier’s gangrene?

A) Antibiotics alone

B) Urgent surgical debridement

C) Radiation therapy

D) Antifungal therapy

4. What imaging technique is typically used to confirm the presence of gas in the scrotum in cases of Fournier’s gangrene?

A) X-ray

B) MRI

C) CT scan

D) Ultrasound

Reveal answers

Answers

1. B) Fournier’s gangrene

2. B) Diabetes mellitus

3. B) Urgent surgical debridement

4. C) CT scan