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Patient case: Exstrophy of the Bladder

Discussion

A newborn baby boy is delivered via cesarean section due to concerns about abnormal fetal positioning. Upon delivery, the attending team immediately notices a large, exposed mass in the lower abdomen, where the bladder is visible outside the body, covered by a thin membrane. The infant is also noted to have abnormal external genitalia. The parents are informed that the baby has bladder exstrophy, a rare congenital condition where the bladder is turned inside out and protrudes through the abdominal wall.

The baby is stable but requires immediate intervention. The medical team begins preparing for the necessary surgical repair to close the bladder and restore normal anatomy. The parents are counseled about the condition, which will require multiple surgeries over time, including reconstruction of the bladder, pelvic bones, and genitalia, as well as ongoing care for urinary and reproductive function.

The infant is transferred to a pediatric surgical unit for evaluation, and a multidisciplinary team, including pediatric surgeons, urologists, and geneticists, is involved in planning his long-term care and follow-up. The family is supported emotionally, and the parents are educated about the potential challenges and outlook for the child’s future.

Questions
1. What was the primary observation made at birth that led to the diagnosis of bladder exstrophy?

A) Swelling in the lower abdomen

B) Exposed bladder outside the body

C) Abnormal heart murmur

D) Poor feeding and weight loss

2. What immediate intervention is required for a newborn with bladder exstrophy?

A) Nutritional support

B) Surgical closure of the bladder

C) Antibiotic therapy

D) Blood transfusion

3. What additional support is essential for managing a child with bladder exstrophy?

A) Physical therapy

B) Multiple surgeries over time, including bladder and pelvic reconstruction

C) Pain management only

D) Growth hormone therapy

4. What specialist team is typically involved in the care of a child with bladder exstrophy?

A) Pediatric oncologists

B) Multidisciplinary team, including pediatric surgeons, urologists, and geneticists

C) Neurologists and cardiologists

D) Ophthalmologists and dermatologists

Reveal answers

Answers

1. B

2. B

3. B

4. B