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Patient case: Diabetes mellitus type 2

Patient case: Diabetes mellitus type 2

Discussion

A 45-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of persistent fatigue, increased thirst, and frequent urination over the past few months. He reports unexplained weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, and occasional blurred vision. His medical history includes hypertension and a sedentary lifestyle. He admits to poor dietary habits, including frequent consumption of sugary snacks and processed foods.

Upon physical examination, the patient has a body mass index (BMI) of 32, indicating obesity. Blood pressure is slightly elevated. A blood glucose test reveals a fasting blood sugar level of 145 mg/dL, and an HbA1c test shows a result of 7.8%, indicating poorly controlled blood sugar over the past few months.

The patient is diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The treatment plan includes lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, regular physical activity, and initiation of metformin therapy to help manage his blood sugar levels.

Questions
1. Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

a) Increased thirst

b) Joint pain

c) Hair loss

d) Shortness of breath

2. What was the patient’s fasting glucose level that contributed to the diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

a) 120 mg/dL

b) 145 mg/dL

c) 90 mg/dL

d) 180 mg/dL

3. Which medication was prescribed to help control the patient’s blood sugar levels?

a) Insulin

b) Glipizide

c) Metformin

d) Acarbose

4. What lifestyle modification was recommended to the patient for managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

a) Decrease salt intake

b) Engage in regular physical activity

c) Increase protein intake

d) Avoid all carbohydrates

Reveal answers

Answers

1. a) Increased thirst

2. b) 145 mg/dL

3. c) Metformin

4. b) Engage in regular physical activity