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Patient case: Congenital Urethro-rectal fistula

Discussion

A 3-day-old male infant is brought to the pediatric clinic with concerns about abnormal bowel movements. The parents report that the baby has been experiencing unusual stool leakage from the perineal area since birth. The baby also shows signs of mild abdominal distension and discomfort during feeding, though he is otherwise feeding well and seems to be in no acute distress.

Upon examination, the pediatrician notes the presence of a small amount of fecal matter at the opening of the urethra, which raises suspicion for a congenital urethro-rectal fistula (CURF). This is a rare anomaly where there is an abnormal connection between the rectum and the urethra, causing fecal material to pass through the urinary tract.

The infant is immediately referred to a pediatric surgeon for further evaluation and management. A rectal and abdominal ultrasound is ordered to assess the size and location of the fistula. Surgical repair is discussed as the treatment of choice to close the abnormal connection and prevent complications such as infections or urinary tract problems.

The parents are counseled on the nature of the condition, the necessity for surgery, and the expected outcomes, which include normal urinary and bowel function post-repair. A follow-up plan is set for the infant's surgical intervention and recovery.

Questions
1. What was the primary finding that led to the diagnosis of congenital urethro-rectal fistula in this infant?

A) Abnormal abdominal distension

B) Stool leakage from the perineal area

C) Vomiting and poor feeding

D) Swelling in the scrotum

2. What is the typical treatment for congenital urethro-rectal fistula in newborns?

A) Antibiotic therapy

B) Surgical repair to close the abnormal connection

C) Observation with no intervention

D) Urinary catheterization

3. What potential complication can arise if congenital urethro-rectal fistula is left untreated?

A) Hearing loss

B) Urinary tract infections and fecal contamination of the urinary tract

C) Abnormal lung development

D) Vision problems

4. What imaging study was ordered to assess the size and location of the fistula?

A) X-ray

B) MRI

C) Rectal and abdominal ultrasound

D) CT scan

Reveal answers

Answers

1. B

2. B

3. B

4. C