A 6-year-old boy is brought to the paediatric clinic with complaints of intermittent urinary retention and occasional urinary incontinence. His parents mention that he has been frequently wetting himself during the day, even though he had been fully toilet-trained by the age of 3. The boy also experiences occasional urinary urgency and a weak urine stream, which sometimes dribbles. There is no history of pain or blood in the urine.

On physical examination, the child appears well, with no signs of infection or fever. However, palpation of the lower abdomen reveals mild distension, and a bladder scan shows incomplete emptying of the bladder. A suspected diagnosis of congenital diverticulum of the urethra is made, a rare condition where a pocket or pouch forms in the urethra, causing urinary retention and other symptoms.

A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is ordered, which confirms the presence of a urethral diverticulum. The diverticulum is located near the posterior urethra, which explains the urinary retention and incontinence. The pediatric urologist is consulted, and the family is informed that surgical intervention may be required to remove the diverticulum or correct the obstruction to allow normal urinary flow. The child is scheduled for surgery to prevent further urinary complications.

The family is educated about the condition and the surgery, and a follow-up plan is established to monitor the child's recovery and ensure normal urinary function postoperative

ly.