Patient case: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
A 45-year-old man presents to the clinic with recurrent episodes of dizziness and spinning sensations, which have been occurring for the past few weeks. He describes the sensation as intense vertigo that lasts less than a minute and is triggered by specific head movements, such as rolling over in bed or looking up. He denies any hearing loss, tinnitus, or neurological symptoms. His medical history is unremarkable, and he is not on any medications.
On physical examination, the Dix-Hallpike maneuver is performed, and it reproduces the vertigo and causes nystagmus, confirming the diagnosis of BPPV. No other abnormalities are noted on the neurological exam. The patient is reassured and educated on the Epley maneuver as a treatment.
A) Infection of the inner ear
B) Inflammation of the vestibular nerve
C) Displacement of otoconia in the semicircular canals
D) Migraine
A) Romberg test
B) Dix-Hallpike maneuver
C) Rinne test
D) Weber test
A) Epley maneuver
B) Semont maneuver
C) Head-thrust maneuver
D) Gaze stabilization exercises
A) Hearing loss
B) Vertigo
C) Nystagmus
D) Dizziness
