Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, commonly found in soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the disease is often underdiagnosed yet poses a major threat to individuals with weakened immune systems, particularly those living with HIV/AIDS. The infection primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other organs in severe cases, leading to life-threatening disseminated disease. Symptoms often mimic tuberculosis, making accurate diagnosis vital for effective treatment. Increasing clinical awareness, improving laboratory testing, and expanding access to antifungal therapy are crucial to reducing histoplasmosis-related mortality in the region.