Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common viral infection caused by a member of the herpesvirus family that poses significant health risks, especially to immunocompromised individuals and newborns. In Sub-Saharan Africa, CMV infection is widespread, often coexisting with HIV and other immune-suppressing conditions, leading to complications such as retinitis, pneumonia, and congenital abnormalities. Most infections remain asymptomatic, but in vulnerable populations, CMV can cause severe organ damage and developmental issues in infants. Enhancing early detection, antiviral treatment, and public health awareness can greatly reduce CMV-related morbidity and mortality across the region.