Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection caused primarily by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, often affecting individuals with weakened immune systems, particularly those living with HIV/AIDS. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence remains high, cryptococcosis is a major cause of meningitis-related deaths. The infection commonly targets the lungs and central nervous system, presenting with symptoms such as severe headache, fever, and confusion. Early diagnosis through cerebrospinal fluid analysis and prompt antifungal therapy are critical for survival. Strengthening clinical awareness and diagnostic capacity in African healthcare systems can drastically reduce mortality from cryptococcal infections.