Actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused primarily by Actinomyces israelii, characterized by slow-growing abscesses, tissue fibrosis, and draining sinuses. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where limited access to advanced diagnostic tools often delays recognition, understanding the clinical presentation of actinomycosis is crucial for early management. The condition can affect the cervicofacial, thoracic, or abdominal regions, mimicking malignancy or tuberculosis. Prompt diagnosis and long-term antibiotic therapy are essential to prevent complications and disfigurement. Educating healthcare professionals about actinomycosis helps strengthen infectious disease control and enhance patient outcomes across African healthcare systems.