Patient Case: Hyperhidrosis (Excessive Perspiration)
A 24-year-old university student presents to the clinic with a four-year history of excessive sweating, primarily affecting his palms, soles, and underarms. He reports that the sweating occurs even in cool environments and is not related to physical activity or emotional stress. He finds it embarrassing, as his hands are often too damp to shake hands or write without smudging his papers.
He denies any history of fever, weight loss, or medication use. There is no family history of similar symptoms, but he mentions that his symptoms started during his teenage years.
On physical examination, his palms and soles appear visibly moist, with noticeable sweat droplets forming during the exam. No other systemic abnormalities are noted. The starch-iodine test confirms excessive sweating in the affected areas.
Based on the findings, he is diagnosed with primary focal hyperhidrosis, a condition caused by overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. He is started on topical aluminum chloride (antiperspirant) and advised on additional treatments, including iontophoresis and botulinum toxin injections if symptoms persist.
- What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
a) Secondary hyperhidrosis
b) Primary focal hyperhidrosis
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Anxiety-induced sweating - Which test is most useful in confirming excessive sweating in affected areas?
a) Skin biopsy
b) Starch-iodine test
c) Nerve conduction study
d) Complete blood count (CBC) - What is the first-line treatment for this patient’s condition?
a) Oral beta-blockers
b) Surgical sympathectomy
c) Topical aluminum chloride
d) Systemic corticosteroids - Which characteristic feature differentiates primary hyperhidrosis from secondary hyperhidrosis?
a) Sudden onset in adulthood
b) Sweating occurring only during physical exertion
c) Sweating occurring symmetrically in specific body areas
d) Association with underlying systemic conditions
Answers
- (b) Primary focal hyperhidrosis
- The patient has excessive sweating localized to the palms, soles, and underarms without an underlying systemic cause, which is characteristic of primary focal hyperhidrosis.
- (b) Starch-iodine test
- This test helps confirm hyperhidrosis by highlighting areas of excessive sweating when iodine and starch interact to form a dark color.
- (c) Topical aluminum chloride
- First-line treatment for primary hyperhidrosis is topical aluminum chloride, which reduces sweating by blocking sweat ducts. If ineffective, iontophoresis, botulinum toxin, or other treatments may be considered.
- (c) Sweating occurring symmetrically in specific body areas
- Primary hyperhidrosis affects focal areas symmetrically (e.g., both palms or both armpits), whereas secondary hyperhidrosis is usually generalized and linked to medical conditions such as infections, malignancies, or endocrine disorders.
