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Patient Case: Creeping Eruption (Cutaneous Larva Migrans)

Discussion

Chief Complaint: “I have an itchy, winding rash on my foot that seems to be moving.”

History of Present Illness:
A 35-year-old man presents to the clinic with a red, intensely itchy rash on the sole of his left foot. He first noticed it five days ago after returning from a beach vacation, where he frequently walked barefoot on the sand. Initially, the rash appeared as a small red spot, but over the past few days, it has elongated and taken on a serpiginous (snake-like) pattern. He reports worsening itching, especially at night, but denies fever, swelling, or systemic symptoms.

Physical Examination:

  • A raised, erythematous, serpiginous track measuring about 3 cm in length on the sole of the left foot
  • No pustules, drainage, or signs of bacterial superinfection
  • No lymphadenopathy or systemic symptoms

Diagnosis:
The clinical findings and history of barefoot exposure in a sandy environment strongly suggest cutaneous larva migrans (CLM), commonly known as creeping eruption. This is caused by the larvae of hookworms (e.g., Ancylostoma braziliense) that penetrate the skin but fail to mature in humans.

Management Plan:

  • Antiparasitic therapy: Oral ivermectin or albendazole to eliminate the larvae
  • Symptomatic relief: Topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines to control itching
  • Patient education:
    • Avoid walking barefoot in sandy or contaminated areas
    • Wash feet thoroughly after potential exposure
    • Preventive measures in high-risk areas, such as wearing protective footwear

The patient is reassured that the condition is self-limiting but can persist for weeks if untreated. A follow-up visit is scheduled to assess treatment response.

Questions
1. What is the most likely causative organism of this patient’s condition?

a) Ancylostoma braziliense
b) Tunga penetrans
c) Sarcoptes scabiei
d) Cimex lectularius

2. Which of the following is the most characteristic feature of cutaneous larva migrans?

a) Linear blisters appearing suddenly
b) A serpiginous, itchy rash that slowly migrates
c) Thick, scaly patches with hair loss
d) Painful pustules filled with pus

3. What is the most effective treatment for this condition?

a) Topical antibiotics
b) Oral ivermectin or albendazole
c) High-dose corticosteroids
d) Antihistamines alone

4. How did the patient most likely acquire this condition?

a) From contact with infected mosquitoes
b) By consuming undercooked seafood
c) From walking barefoot on contaminated sand
d) Through direct person-to-person transmission

Reveal answers

Answers

  1. (a) Ancylostoma braziliense – This hookworm species, commonly found in warm coastal regions, is the most frequent cause of cutaneous larva migrans in humans.
  2. (b) A serpiginous, itchy rash that slowly migrates – The characteristic sign of cutaneous larva migrans is a red, winding track caused by the larvae moving beneath the skin.
  3. (b) Oral ivermectin or albendazole – These antiparasitic medications effectively kill the larvae and speed up symptom resolution.
  4. (c) From walking barefoot on contaminated sand – Hookworm larvae penetrate the skin from contaminated soil or sand, usually in tropical or subtropical areas.

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