Patient Case: Impetigo and Ecthyma
A 10-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother due to multiple skin sores on his legs and around his mouth that started one week ago. Initially, they appeared as small red spots, but over time, they developed into honey-colored crusts. Over the last two days, some of the sores have become deeper, with thick scabs and painful ulcers.
The child has no significant past medical history but frequently plays soccer on dirt fields and often gets minor scrapes. His mother mentions that several children at his school have had similar skin lesions recently. He has no fever or systemic symptoms.
On examination, there are multiple honey-colored crusted lesions around his mouth and several deep, ulcerative lesions with thick grayish-yellow scabs on his lower legs, surrounded by mild erythema. There is no pus drainage or fluctuance, but some of the deeper ulcers appear tender.
A clinical diagnosis of impetigo with progression to ecthyma is made. The child is prescribed topical antibiotics (mupirocin) for mild lesions and oral antibiotics (cephalexin) for ecthyma. The mother is advised on proper hygiene, wound care, and avoiding scratching to prevent further spread. Given the recent cases at school, public health measures, including handwashing and disinfection of shared items, are recommended.
a) Atopic dermatitis
b) Impetigo with progression to ecthyma
c) Herpes simplex virus infection
d) Contact dermatitis
a) Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
c) Candida albicans
d) Epstein-Barr virus
a) Topical and oral antibiotics
b) Antifungal creams
c) Systemic corticosteroids
d) No treatment, as the lesions will resolve on their own
a) Frequent handwashing and proper wound care
b) Applying petroleum jelly over the lesions
c) Avoiding dairy products
d) Taking daily multivitamins
Answers
- (b) Impetigo with progression to ecthyma
- The honey-colored crusted lesions are classic for impetigo, while the deeper, ulcerative lesions with thick scabs indicate progression to ecthyma, a more severe form of impetigo. Atopic dermatitis (a) presents as dry, itchy patches, herpes simplex virus (c) causes vesicular lesions, and contact dermatitis (d) is an inflammatory, non-infectious skin reaction.
- (a) Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
- Both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are the most common causes of impetigo and ecthyma. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (b) is more common in moist environments, Candida albicans (c) causes fungal infections, and Epstein-Barr virus (d) is associated with mononucleosis, not bacterial skin infections.
- (a) Topical and oral antibiotics
- Topical antibiotics (mupirocin) are effective for mild impetigo, while oral antibiotics (such as cephalexin or dicloxacillin) are needed for ecthyma due to its deeper tissue involvement. Antifungals (b) are not useful since this is a bacterial infection, systemic corticosteroids (c) can worsen the infection, and leaving it untreated (d) risks complications and spread.
- (a) Frequent handwashing and proper wound care
- Good hygiene, handwashing, and proper wound care help prevent the spread of impetigo, which is highly contagious. Petroleum jelly (b) does not treat or prevent bacterial infections, avoiding dairy (c) has no role, and multivitamins (d) are not specific for preventing impetigo
