A 4-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents due to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and occasional difficulty in urination. The parents report that the child has also experienced episodes of urinary incontinence, particularly when laughing or during physical activities. The boy is otherwise healthy but has had a history of frequent UTIs since infancy, for which he has been treated with antibiotics.

On examination, the child is alert and well-nourished. A bladder ultrasound is performed, revealing two distinct bladder cavities, one of which is partially communicating with the other, consistent with a diagnosis of bladder duplication. This condition, where the bladder forms two separate compartments, can lead to urinary tract infections and incontinence if not managed appropriately.

The boy is referred to a pediatric urologist for further evaluation and management, which may involve surgical correction to improve bladder function and prevent recurrent infections. The parents are counseled on the condition, its implications, and the possible need for ongoing medical follow-up.