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Brugada Syndrome 

Discussion

A 28-year-old male presents to the emergency department after being found unconscious at home by his roommate. The patient had no prior history of syncope or chest pain. His roommate reports that the episode occurred while the patient was at rest, and he regained consciousness within a few minutes without any postictal confusion. There was no history of trauma or seizures.

The patient is a non-smoker and has no history of drug use, but his family history is significant for sudden cardiac death in his 35-year-old brother, who died unexpectedly while asleep. The patient is otherwise healthy, with no known cardiovascular issues.

On physical examination, his vital signs are stable, and he has no signs of acute distress. An ECG is performed, which reveals a characteristic right bundle branch block pattern with ST-segment elevation in the precordial leads (V1-V3), highly suggestive of Brugada syndrome. A subsequent echocardiogram and coronary angiogram are normal.

Given the patient's symptoms, family history, and ECG findings, he is diagnosed with Brugada syndrome, a condition that increases the risk of sudden cardiac arrest due to arrhythmias. The patient is referred to a cardiologist for further evaluation, including consideration for an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) to prevent sudden cardiac death. He is advised to avoid fever-inducing medications, as fever can precipitate arrhythmic events in patients with Brugada syndrome.

Questions
1. What is the most likely diagnosis based on the patient's symptoms and ECG findings?

A) Long QT syndrome

B) Brugada syndrome

C) Myocardial infarction

D) Ventricular tachycardia

2. Which of the following is a key feature of Brugada syndrome as seen on an ECG?

A) ST-segment depression in the lateral leads

B) Right bundle branch block with ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V3

C) Q-wave in inferior leads

D) Prolonged QT interval

 

3. What is the most significant risk associated with Brugada syndrome?

A) Sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmias

B) Development of heart failure

C) Chronic angina and chest pain

D) Stroke due to embolism

 

4. What is the primary treatment option to prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with Brugada syndrome?

A) Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

B) Antiarrhythmic medications only

C) Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

D) Beta-blockers and aspirin

 

Reveal answers

Answers

  1. B) Brugada syndrome
  1. B) Right bundle branch block with ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V3
  2. A) Sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmias
  3. A) Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)